内部控制能否抑制避税所引致的大股东掏空风险？

避税一直是理论界探讨的热点话题。现有研究关于避税经济后果的较多，而鲜有关注避税经济后果的影响因素。内部控制作为一套完整的风险管控工具，能否抑制避税所引致的大股东掏空风险，目前尚待实证检验。基于此，拟通过实证检验内部控制如何影响避税所引致的大股东掏空风险，研究结果表明，高质量的内部控制能够有效管控避税所引致的大股东掏空风险。进一步检验发现，内部控制的风险管控作用集中在内部控制建设需求较为强烈的民营企业和会计信息披露质量较差的样本中；区分内部控制五大要素发现，风险评估对于风险的管控作用有更直接影响；总体而言，内部控制是有效管控风险的制度工具。     

Restrictions on managerial outside job opportunities and corporate tax policy: Evidence from a natural experiment

We examine the effect of restricting executives’ outside job opportunities on corporate tax avoidance and tax risk, using a natural experiment of the staggered adoption and rejection of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD). Based on a difference-in-differences analysis, we find strong evidence that the IDD decreases effective tax rates. We also find that the IDD reduces tax risk though the evidence is weaker. The effect is generally more pronounced when the risk of dismissal due to poor performance is higher. Additional analyses show that the IDD increases the use of tax haven operations. Finally, a path analysis shows that the increase in tax avoidance contributes about 6% to 7% of the total effect of the IDD on firm value. Overall, the results suggest that career concerns motivate executives to reduce their firms’ tax burden using low risk strategies.     

探地雷达数值模拟在水利工程病害检测中的应用

探地雷达检测法方法具有简便、效率高和应用范围广的特点。在水利工程病害检测中,以往雷达图像的解释通常需要大量的试验和野外工作经验来相互验证,但这种方法受各种各样条件的制约,使得检测的工作效率下降。而利用数值模拟方法,对工程病害进行数值模拟计算,参照模拟的结果进行对比解释,将有助于病害的判断,提高解释的准确性。本文通过对典型水利工程病害的探地雷达数值模拟,为有效识别探地雷达图像提供了可参考和借鉴的实践经验。     

Does corporate tax avoidance promote managerial empire building?

We examine the association between corporate tax avoidance and empire building using 35,060 firm-year observations from the United States (US) for the period 1991–2015. We build a composite empire building measure by conducting a factor analysis on four popular empire building proxies used in the literature. We find a positive association between this composite measure and the four proxies used to represent the tax avoidance of firms in our sample. As our results suggest, agency problems are inflicted upon firms employing tax avoidance strategies which, in turn, facilitate managerial rent extraction through aggressiveness in growth and the accumulation of assets. Furthermore, the relationship of corporate tax avoidance to managerial empire building is found to be more pronounced in firms with weak governance, poor monitoring mechanisms, greater Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power and weak corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. We also find that empire building-motivated tax avoidance leads to lower firm valuation. Our results remain insensitive even when employing several robustness tests.     

企业避税与年报可读性

避税活动加剧了企业的信息不对称，管理层在信息披露中是否会采用晦涩的文本信息掩盖避税行为？本文利用2008—2017年中国A股上市公司数据，考察企业避税对年报可读性的影响及其机制。结果发现，避税活动越多，企业年报采用的复杂词汇就越多，年报可读性就越差。在运用工具变量弱化内生性问题、更替年报可读性指标与企业避税指标、考虑递延所得税信息披露和税收政策影响等一系列稳健性检验后，避税行为降低企业年报可读性的结论依然成立。机制分析发现会计信息质量在避税行为对年报可读性的影响中发挥了部分中介作用，避税活动通过降低会计信息质量削弱了年报可读性，信息披露中文本信息与数字信息相配合的观点从企业避税视角得到了验证。此外，在无税收优惠、递延所得税负债较多和外部治理环境较差的企业中，避税降低年报可读性的现象更为明显。因此，规范企业税收制度能够减少企业避税、限制管理层寻租行为，促进税收透明化，从而提高企业的信息披露质量。     

联合风险投资伙伴选择与初创企业成长——基于1999—2019年中国风险投资事件的经验分析

在各国的创业投资市场中,联合风险投资普遍存在。风险投资机构可能会为规避联合投资风险而选择“相似性伙伴”,也可能为追求更大投资收益而选择“高资源禀赋伙伴”或“异质性伙伴”来进行联合投资;相对于与“相似性伙伴”联合投资,与“高资源禀赋伙伴”或“异质性伙伴”联合投资可以通过“资源累积”或“资源互补”提高为初创企业提供增值服务的能力,进而更有利于初创企业的成长。基于清科私募通数据库中1999—2019年中国的风险投资事件,构建具有“领投者—潜在跟投者”双边数据特征的研究样本,对联合风险投资的伙伴选择及其对初创企业成长的影响进行实证检验,结果表明：在对联合投资伙伴的选择中,风险投资机构的“风险规避”动机不明显,没有表现出选择“相似性伙伴”的倾向,更多的是出于“资源累积”或“资源互补”动机选择“高资源禀赋伙伴”或“异质性伙伴”来进行联合投资,以谋取更大的投资收益;风险投资机构与“高资源禀赋伙伴”联合投资可以促使初创企业获得更多的后续融资和专利,进而能够显著促进初创企业成长;风险投资机构与“异质性伙伴”联合投资对初创企业后续融资和专利的影响不显著。因此,风险投资机构在选择联合投资伙伴时,要注意优化资源并有效提升为初创企业提供增值服务的能力,尽量选择有利于“资源累积”的投资伙伴,以更好地促进初创企业成长;初创企业在引进风险投资时也应慎重并科学搭配,力求引进具有高资源禀赋、能够更好促进自身成长的合作伙伴。     

Ad avoidance in the digital context: A systematic literature review and research agenda

The recent growth in digital marketing investments and revenues has attracted the attention of both marketing practitioners and scholars. However, this growth has dramatically increased users' exposure to ad messages, encouraging consumers to avoid them. Therefore, ad avoidance has become a major problem for marketing practitioners. Although researchers have become much more interested in this subject over the past two decades, the body of knowledge on ad avoidance in the digital environment remains fragmented due to the lack of a comprehensive review. Therefore, a holistic overview study is needed that focuses on the big picture and can help researchers to understand the literature comprehensively. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic using a systematic literature review approach on digital ad avoidance. To this end, we provide an in-depth content analysis of 56 relevant articles published in 31 peer-reviewed scientific journals up to December 31, 2021. Based on a theories, contexts, characteristics, and methods (TCCM) framework, the study results shed light on ‘what do we know, how do we know, and where should research about digital ad avoidance research be heading?’ Additionally, drawing on the content analysis, we have presented an integrative framework that considers antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators, which can help develop the field systematically and guide future research. By doing so, we think this review meets the need to give an overview of the state-of-the-art scientific body of knowledge on digital ad avoidance and makes important and solid contributions to the literature, practical implications, and future research directions based on the findings.     

Private Equity and Local Public Finances

We study the economic impact of private equity (PE) investments on local governments, which are important corporate stakeholders. Examining over 11,000 deals and private firm data in Europe, we document that target firms' effective tax rates and total tax expenses decrease by 15% and 13% after PE deals. At the same time, target firms expand their capital expenditures and firm boundaries, but do not increase employment. Using administrative data on the public finances of German municipalities and exploiting the geographical and time-series variation in PE deals, we document that PE activity is negatively associated with local governments' tax revenues and spending. This result is likely driven by reduced tax payments of PE portfolio firms, accompanied by only modest positive spillovers of PE investments on regional economic growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that corporate tax efficiency serves as a cost-cutting channel in the PE sector and constrains the finances of local governments.     

Corporate social responsibility and corporate tax avoidance: The channel effect of consumer awareness

This paper investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate tax avoidance and the impact of consumer awareness on the constructs. We show that consumer awareness has the effect of decreasing the positive relation between CSR ratings and tax avoidance levels. Our findings are robust to various measures of our constructs. Collectively, the findings of this study lend credence to the risk-management view of CSR and demonstrate that consumer awareness acts as a behavioral intervention and governance mechanism to help mitigate corporate hypocrisy.